Those who have shoulder instability showed 15% to 20% higher rotator cuff muscle activity along with 8% to 10% lower deltoid (anterior fiber) (DA) muscle activity compared with healthy persons4–6). Sling exercises (considered closed kinetic chain [CKC] exercises) can impose gradually increasing loads and improve muscle strength and proprioception7).
CKC exercises were developed for application to patients with musculoskeletal system disorders and increase muscle activity on an unstable surface, since they are performed with part of the body hanging on slings8).
Sling exercises are used to prevent functional disorders in shoulder joints and as part of shoulder joint exercise programs.
The balance of the scapular stabilizers is important for sling exercises, and thus a CKC is mainly used9).
This CKC is an intervention method that can stimulate proprioception around joints because axial loads are imposed on the joints and improve coordinated contraction of muscles, posture maintenance and dynamic