Chenhall & Morris’ (1986) instrument is considered appropriate for use in SMEs because it adopted a more subjective orientation to identify the characteristics of both financial and managerial accounting information. Despite its age, the instrument is the most popular and widely adopted by accounting researchers (see, for example,
Mia 1993; Abernethy & Guthrie 1994; Gul & Chia 1994; Chong & Chong 1997). While it was originally developed for use in large organisations, it has been modified and tested in the specific context of SMEs by Gul (1991) and more recently by Ismail & King (2005).