INTRODUCTION
Mango (Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae) fruit is an
important tropical and subtropical crop with high commercial
value due to its bright color, favorable flavor and taste, and rich
nutrition.1,2 However, mango is highly susceptible to various
fungal pathogens, resulting in huge economic losses.
Anthracnose disease, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Penz., is one of the most common and serious diseases affecting
mango.3 The pathogen causes severe symptoms of black lesions
on leaves, twigs, and blossoms and may attack immature fruit as
a latent infection. The disease appears progressively until fruit
ripening during storage.4 In general, control of mango
anthracnose disease is achieved by applications of fungicides,
such as benomyl and prochloraz.5 However, repeated and
exclusive application of chemical-based fungicides often results
in increased chemical resistance in pathogens,6 undesirable
effects on nontarget organisms, and the potential risks to
human health and environmental pollution.7,8 Therefore,
identification and exploitation of natural products as an
alternative strategy to control anthracnose diseases has been
proposed instead of synthetic-based fungicides. Previous studies