Globally, analysis of self-report data provided by 3,422 veterans receiving intensive case management services through the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) found that those with dual diagnoses entered treatment with more severe symptomatology and lower ratings of quality of life in comparison to veterans without a dual diagnosis (Mohamed, 2013). This section discusses research pertaining to prominent, adverse biopsychosocial conditions associated with dual diagnoses among veterans with comparison groups comprising veterans with no diagnosis, only a substance use diagnosis, or only a mental illness diagnosis.