A Tier 3 estimate, using real concentration levels, is needed for phosphates, including phosphate salts (E339–341), polyphosphates (E450 – 452) and phosphoric acid (E338), as well as other sources of phosphate, for sorbitan monolaurate (E493) and sorbitan monooleate (E494), for polysorbates (E432–436) and for stearoyl-2-lactylates (E481–482).