Finally, interactive web mapping applications and visualization demand that users
posses some level of spatial literacy. Spatial literacy refers to the ability to understand spatial
relationships, comprehend how to represent geographic space, and reason and make key
decisions about spatial concepts (National Research Council et al. 2006). Often, citizen
scientists collect information using global positioning systems. Correct data collection and
contribution requires an understanding of such fundamental concepts as datums, projection,
map units, and resolution. Citizen science websites aim to simplify some aspects of data
collection and contribution so that a lack of understanding of these concepts does not hinder
their ultimate success. These websites advance the development of other web mapping
applications and present a growing arena for further GIScience research.