Support for the JiTT teaching method over traditional lecture was reinforced with BIT Coding and CS-Distractor analyses, which also showed a greater improvement in N3 conceptual understanding for the JiTT group over the Non- JiTT group. Furthermore, the BIT Coding analysis was use- ful in determining that one of the FCI questions, question no. 14, is not valid in testing a student’s understanding of New- ton’s Third Law, since most of the students in both groups were able to answer this question correctly on the pretest while they incorrectly answered the other N3 questions