However, these mAb-based antigen detection methods remain coprological assays; i.e., they require numerous fecal samples for analysis. Immunodiagnostic methods utilizing human serum or plasma are also useful for detecting OV-infection and the concomitant risk of the hepatobiliary pathologies [18, 19]. However, serodiagnostic methods require a blood draw, blood processing, cold chain refrigeration of sera or plasma, and trained phlebotomists, and usually prove logistically onerous and even unfeasible given the limited infrastructure of many of the laboratories in these research poor setting. Less invasive and easier to handle sample matrices such as saliva or urine are the ideal specimens to be collected for detecting OV in resource poor OV endemic setting in Southeast Asia [12].