Most studies on VAP have come from the United
States and Europe where there are active VAP
surveillance programs but these figures did not
necessarily reflect the situation in other countries (13-
16).VAP rate, in USA as reported by the CDC and
NHSN hospitals (2011) (5) ranged from zero to 4.9 /
1.000 ventilator days. According to unit type the
report also illustrated a mean VAP rate in US medicalsurgical
ICUs of 3.6 per 1000 ventilator-days, in
neurosurgical ICUs of 7.0 per 1000 ventilator-days,
and in trauma ICUs of 10.2 per 1000 ventilator-days