Calabrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. laricio Poiret var.
Calabrica Delamare) is a species that requires full light from
above but tolerates lateral density (De Philippis, 1985; Boudru,
1989b; Bernetti, 1995; Gellini and Grossoni, 1997). More
thermophile and less resistant to frost damage than Austrian
pine (Pinus nigra Arn. var. austriaca (Ho¨ss) Novack),
Calabrian pine has a natural range extending from Sicily to
Calabria. In Sicily it grows in fragmented areas on the slopes of
Mount Etna between 1000 and 2000 m above sea level,
covering a total of approximately 4000 ha. In Calabria this pine
covers approximately 57,000 ha (MAF-ISAFA, 1988). It grows
on the Aspromonte mountain range at the southern tip of the
region, and on the Sila Plateau where it characterizes the
landscape from 900 m up to 1600 m above sea level. Calabrian
pine, often mixed with Austrian pine, has also been employed
in other Italian regions for the reafforestation of degraded lands.
Because of its rapid growth and high productivity it has been
used – along with the Corsican variety (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp.
laricio Poiret var. Corsicana) – as an introduced afforestation
species in European countries with Atlantic climates (Parde´ and
Turpin, 1959) and even as far from its original habitat as New
Zealand and South Africa.
The structure of Calabrian pine stands on the Sila Plateau is
the result of the management history, which depends on land
ownership, as well as the economic and social changes that
have taken place in the area. Strip and patch clear cutting,
considered the most appropriate silvicultural methods for a
light demanding species, have been usually applied in public
properties producing even-aged stands over vast areas
(Anzillotti, 1950; Meschini and Longhi, 1955). Recently, in
State owned forests that are now part of the Sila National Park,
management has been limited to felling only dead or dying
trees. This extremely conservative type of management is often
the cause of widespread and vigorous natural regeneration of
beech under the older pine stands. Here, in a relatively short
time, Calabrian pine stands will be replaced by beech stands
with consequent changes in the forest landscape (Iovino and
Menguzzato, 1999).
Calabrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. laricio Poiret var.Calabrica Delamare) is a species that requires full light fromabove but tolerates lateral density (De Philippis, 1985; Boudru,1989b; Bernetti, 1995; Gellini and Grossoni, 1997). Morethermophile and less resistant to frost damage than Austrianpine (Pinus nigra Arn. var. austriaca (Ho¨ss) Novack),Calabrian pine has a natural range extending from Sicily toCalabria. In Sicily it grows in fragmented areas on the slopes ofMount Etna between 1000 and 2000 m above sea level,covering a total of approximately 4000 ha. In Calabria this pinecovers approximately 57,000 ha (MAF-ISAFA, 1988). It growson the Aspromonte mountain range at the southern tip of theregion, and on the Sila Plateau where it characterizes thelandscape from 900 m up to 1600 m above sea level. Calabrianpine, often mixed with Austrian pine, has also been employedin other Italian regions for the reafforestation of degraded lands.Because of its rapid growth and high productivity it has beenused – along with the Corsican variety (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp.laricio Poiret var. Corsicana) – as an introduced afforestationspecies in European countries with Atlantic climates (Parde´ andTurpin, 1959) and even as far from its original habitat as NewZealand and South Africa.The structure of Calabrian pine stands on the Sila Plateau isthe result of the management history, which depends on landownership, as well as the economic and social changes thathave taken place in the area. Strip and patch clear cutting,considered the most appropriate silvicultural methods for alight demanding species, have been usually applied in publicproperties producing even-aged stands over vast areas(Anzillotti, 1950; Meschini and Longhi, 1955). Recently, inState owned forests that are now part of the Sila National Park,management has been limited to felling only dead or dyingtrees. This extremely conservative type of management is oftenthe cause of widespread and vigorous natural regeneration ofbeech under the older pine stands. Here, in a relatively shorttime, Calabrian pine stands will be replaced by beech standswith consequent changes in the forest landscape (Iovino andMenguzzato, 1999).
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
![](//thimg.ilovetranslation.com/pic/loading_3.gif?v=b9814dd30c1d7c59_8619)