2.Southeast Asia during the Sixteenth Century
•During the 16th century, Spain and Portugal explored the world's seas and opened world-wide oceanic trade routes.
•Philip II of Spain, Dom Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan, Christopher Columbus
•the continuing expansion of international commerce and the consequent rise of new exchange centres.
•the island world -proliferation of trading centres-growing world demand for the region's products.
•the expanding market for fine spices encouraged Javanese, Malay and Chinese traders to deal directly with sources of supply in the eastern islands