Chen (1994) countered Scriven’s (1994) assertions that the consumer-oriented, product model of
evaluation—predominately based on the functional properties of an object (e.g., the functional purpose
of a watch is to tell time), although this is an oversimplification (see Fournier, 1995)—is the
preferred approach to evaluation by arguing that such approaches do not provide adequate information
for improving programs and that they do not provide the explanatory knowledge that decision
makers sometimes desire or need. To support this position, Chen (1994) stressed that it is equally
important to obtain knowledge of how program goals or objectives are attained, not only whether
they are. Chen (1994) illustrates the veracity of this claim by stating:
. . . if a black box evaluation shows a new drug to be capable of curing a disease without providing
information on the underlying mechanisms of that cure, physicians will have difficulty prescribing the
new drug because the conditions under which the drug will work and the likelihood of negative side
effects will not be known. (p. 18)
Chen (1994) countered Scriven’s (1994) assertions that the consumer-oriented, product model ofevaluation—predominately based on the functional properties of an object (e.g., the functional purposeof a watch is to tell time), although this is an oversimplification (see Fournier, 1995)—is thepreferred approach to evaluation by arguing that such approaches do not provide adequate informationfor improving programs and that they do not provide the explanatory knowledge that decisionmakers sometimes desire or need. To support this position, Chen (1994) stressed that it is equallyimportant to obtain knowledge of how program goals or objectives are attained, not only whetherthey are. Chen (1994) illustrates the veracity of this claim by stating:. . . if a black box evaluation shows a new drug to be capable of curing a disease without providinginformation on the underlying mechanisms of that cure, physicians will have difficulty prescribing thenew drug because the conditions under which the drug will work and the likelihood of negative sideeffects will not be known. (p. 18)
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..