Hard-to-Understand Mathematics The first concern in developing solutions is that although the mathematical models we use may be complex and powerful’ they may not be completely understood. Fancy solutions to problems may have faulty logic or data. The aura of mathematics often causes managers to remain silent when they should be critical. The well-known operations researcher C.W. Churchman cautions that “because mathematics has been so revered a discipline in recent years, it tends to lull the unsuspecting into believing that he who thinks elaborately thinks well.”