5.1 CDC values
Research question 1 simply asked which means and ends objectives CDCs identify.
For this, we can take the union of the objectives at the different levels as presented
in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 in the previous section. Of course, a wider set of cases would
produce additional objectives associated with varying local issues, missions and
mechanisms of action found within the range of CDCs. We observe that in each
case, there were five levels in the objectives hierarchy. The bottom level in each
case consisted of the direct result of expenditures or actions taken by CDCs, and the
top level in each case represents overall utility. The intermediate levels represent the
CDCs views about how they can affect their communities and what aspects of their
communities they wish to affect.