The proposed solutions implemented in cycles 1 and 2 caused a positive gain in student confi dence. The cycle 1 group indicated a 13% increase in those students that felt highly confident in their ability to write the 12-step procedure accurately while the cycle 2 group indicated a 19.7% increase in the same area. During video interviews,8 students who used the Prezi study guide frequently felt it had a positive impact on their confidence levels. Two students who did not use
the Prezi explained they felt highly confident but attributed their confidence to experiential learning in the lab. In the same video interviews students who received formative feedback about the Popplet flowchart assignment indicated the feedback
gave them a feeling of confidence in their ability to form the flowchart accurately. The implementation process for the two cycles did not change. The difference in confidence levels between the two groups is likely due to the fact that
they are different people with different learning preferences.