Continent Picture
1. Euurpe
2. Asia
3. North America
4. South America
5. Africa
6. Australia
7. Antarctica
http://it.pinellas.k12.fl.us/Teachers5/TerantinoR/images/1E0C968181C742CCBBD705EB31405708.gif71
The Continental Drift Hypothesis
Alfred Wegener, German scientist.
The African and South American(Opposite
sides of the Alantic ocean) costlines appear
to fit together like adjacent pieces of a
jigsaw puzzle.
On his map all the continents joined
together formed one supercontinent that he
called Panga (Greek root “all lands”)72
Pangea
Each species
has evolved
and spread
over that part
of Pangea
rather than
migrating
across the
open ocean.
http://www.mapsharing.org/MS-maps/map-pages-worldmap/images-continental/1-continental-pangea-drift.gif73
The Continental Drift Hypothesis
He mapped the locations of fossils of serveral
species of animals and plants that could
neither swim well nor fly.
Why would the same species be found on
continents separated by thousands of
kilometers of ocean?74
Plate Tectonics:
http://rosalieee.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/plate-tectonics.jpg75
Plate Tectonics:
http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/images/earth_plates_usgs_L.jpg76
Pacific Ring of Fire
The Pacific Ring of Fire (or just The Ring of
Fire) is an area where large numbers of
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in
the basin of the Pacific Ocean.
The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is
home to over 75% of the world's active.
The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate
tectonics and the movement and collisions of
lithospheric plates. 77
Pacific Ring of Fire
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire78
Plate Tectonics:
When the lithosphere is broken into numerous
segments called plates, which are in motion and
are continually changing in shape and size.
There are 7 major plates.
1. North American plate
2. South American plate
3. Pacific the largest plate
4. African plate
5. Eurasian plate
6. Australian plate
7. Antarctic plate79
Plate Tectonics:
Lithosphere plates move at very slow, but
continuous, rates of a few centimeters a year.
This movement is ultimately driven by the
unequal distribution of heat within Earth.
This generate Earthquakes, create
volcanoes, and deform large masses of rock
in to mountains.80
Igneous Activity
The nature of volcanic eruption
Magma
Dissolved gased
What is extruded During Eruptions?
Lava; primary material extruded.
Lava flows
Gases81
Earth Quakes and Earth’ Interior
Earthquakes is the vibration of Earth
produced by the rapid release of energy.
Most often Earthquakes are caused by
slippage along a fault in Earth’s crust.
The energy released radiates in all directions
from its source.82
Earthquake Intensity and Magnitude
In 1935 Charles Richter of the California
Institute of Technology introduce the concept
of Earthquake magnitude.
Today, a refined Richter scale is used
worldwide.
Determined by measuring the amplitude
(max. displacement) of the largest wave
recorded on the seismogram.83
Earthquake Intensity and Magnitude
The largest
earthquakes ever
recorded had
Richter
magnitudes of 8.9
(billion tons of
TNT)
Less than 2.0 are
usually not felt by
humans.
http://www.caribbeanmuslims.com/content_images/1/Haiti_earthquake.jpg
Haiti earthquake
The magnitude 7.0 quake --the most powerful to hit
Haiti in a century -- struck shortly before 5 p.m. and
was centered about 10 miles (15 kilometers)
southwest of Port-au-Prince, the U.S. Geological
Survey reported. It could be felt strongly in eastern
Cuba, more than 200 miles away, witnesses said.84
Tsunami
Seismic sea waves.
Japanese for “Harbor
Wave”
Most tsunami result
from displacement
along a fault located
on the ocean floor of
from a large underwater landslide
triggered by and
Earthquake.
http://cynthiawamwayi.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/2004-tsunami2.jpg
Tsunami in Thailand