1960s, this view was challenged by a group of Yale-based political scientists, led by Robert Dahl, in a study of the city of New Haven that issued in a number of works, most prominently Dahls Who Governs? (1961) See Chapter 4. Dahl argued that, insofar as New Haven is a representative city, American municipal democracy is best considered 'pluralist' rather than elitist: that is, where decision making is not subject to the control of a well-defined group of powerful actors but, rather, is a product of contestation between