The degree of paddy cracking during HTS was evaluated using the model shown in Fig. 1. The percentage of partially or fully exposed endosperm or starch out of the total paddy grains was calculated to assess the relationship between the
HTS time and paddy cracking because the degree of paddy
cracking is thought to be important for the enzymatic reactions
with albumen. The starch value was measured according
to a previously described method ,and the mutarotase
GOD method was used to measure the reducing sugar
produced by the acid degradation of starch. The amounts of
total sugar, glucose and ethanol were estimated by the
phenol-sulfuric acid method , mutarotase GOD methode and gas chromatography , respectively