The test set-up is illustrated in the left side of Fig.9. Each specimen
is composed of a column connected to foundation blocks. A constant
vertical load of 250, 450, 650, 750 and 850 kN were respectively
applied to the columns. The history of the horizontal force placed
at a distance of 0.95 m from the footing was included in the load
cycles in increments of 10 and 5 kN up to failure.
Linear variable displacement transducers (LVDTs) were used to
record the horizontal displacement of the column as well as any
vertical movement of the footing. The LVDT1 was located at the
same height as the horizontal force.