Rea, McLaughlin and Walther-Thomas (2001) compared
two integrative models for students with learning disabilities
(LD): a pull-in model with co-teaching and a pull-out
model in a resource class. Compared with the other groups,
the outcomes of the pull-in students were superior in first
language, mathematics and science. These authors also
examined the social integration of these students and
reported less negative behaviours and greater attendance.
Fontana (2005) noticed that a co-taught model had a highly
significant impact on the self-esteem of secondary level LD
students in math but not in writing. In comparing the outcomes
of students with LD over 2 years following a soloteaching/co-teaching
experiment, Hang and Rabren (2009)found that these students scored higher in reading and in
math under co-teaching than they did the previous year in
the presence of only one teacher. However, absenteeism was
higher for these students during the second year (coteaching)
compared with the previous year. Moreover, these
authors observed no differences between the students
without disabilities and their peers with LD on standardised
tests.