When she used INTERSECT Yepez was engaging in the technique of systematic observation. In systematic observation, the researcher uses a pre- arranged strategy for recording observations in which each observation is recorded using specific rules or guidelines, so that observations are more objective. For example, INTERSECT provides guidelines for scoring four kinds of responses teachers are likely to use when interacting with students: reinforcement, acceptance, remediation, and criticism. Each type has been carefully defined in a scoring manual, and many examples for coding behav- iors are provided (Sadker & Sadker, 1982). Observers need to learn and tice the coding system thoroughly before they can actually use the system in