Electrical and microwave study
The complex permittivity (ε* = ε −iε) and the complex permeability
(* = −
i) can be derived from the measured reflected
and transmitted scattering parameters (S11 and S21), determined
directly by the VNA and using the Nicholson–Ross and Weir method
[30,44].
As we know, real (ε , ) and imaginary (ε, ) parts of complex
permittivity and permeability characterize the storage ability and