In contrast to these two tasks, we classified the tasks in Kennedy et al. (1998) and Hirst et al. (2003) as relatively high in integrative complexity. In Kennedy et al. (1998) participants observed profitability, liquidity, growth, and share price information for two firms, Firm Q and Firm L. Firm Q reported a loss due to a litigation settlement that was certain, while Firm L reported a contingent environmental loss. Firm L disclosed an estimate of the loss in the environmental liability footnote in one of several forms: the most likely amount, the minimum, the maximum, or the range. Participants were expected to estimate the remaining parameters of the environment liability’s distribution not provided in the footnotes (i.e., the minimum, maximum, and most likely amounts) and to estimate the amount they would have Firm L pay to resolve the contingency. Participants were expected to draw connections between each firm’s financial information, managements’ disclosure of the environmental liability, and their constructed distribution of the loss in order to assess the credibility of management’s disclosures and the riskiness of each firm. Finally, participants were expected to use the information provided and their previous judgments to determine the percentage of capital they would invest in each firm. This task is relatively high in integrative complexity because management’s choice of which parameter to disclose can be viewed as strategic and has subtle implications for the expected value of the loss, the credibility of the financial statements, the riskiness of the firm, and thus the desirability of investing in the firm relative to a firm with a known liability.