During the 16th century, Spain and Portugal explored
the world's seas and opened world-wide oceanic trade
routes.
• Philip II of Spain, Dom Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand
Magellan, Christopher Columbus
• the continuing expansion of international commerce
and the consequent rise of new exchange centres.
• the island world - proliferation of trading centresgrowing
world demand for the region's products.
• the expanding market for fine spices encouraged
Javanese, Malay and Chinese traders to deal directly
with sources of supply in the eastern islands.
The rise of new ports was further stimulated by the
arrival of Europeans in search of spices and by the
Portuguese defeat of Melaka in 1511 which saw the
flight of Muslim trade to other centres.
• Pattani, on the east coast of the Malay peninsula, was a
strategic meeting point for Malay and Chinese vessels
• The loosening of ties between overlord and vassal was
equally apparent on Java's north coast, where a
number of harbours were well placed to benefit from
participation in the spice trade and the diversion of
Muslims from Melaka.
• Around 1527 that a coalition of these ports, led by
Demak, defeated Majapahit and established their own
independence
During the 16th century, Spain and Portugal exploredthe world's seas and opened world-wide oceanic traderoutes.• Philip II of Spain, Dom Vasco da Gama, FerdinandMagellan, Christopher Columbus• the continuing expansion of international commerceand the consequent rise of new exchange centres.• the island world - proliferation of trading centresgrowingworld demand for the region's products.• the expanding market for fine spices encouragedJavanese, Malay and Chinese traders to deal directlywith sources of supply in the eastern islands.The rise of new ports was further stimulated by thearrival of Europeans in search of spices and by thePortuguese defeat of Melaka in 1511 which saw theflight of Muslim trade to other centres.• Pattani, on the east coast of the Malay peninsula, was astrategic meeting point for Malay and Chinese vessels• The loosening of ties between overlord and vassal wasequally apparent on Java's north coast, where anumber of harbours were well placed to benefit fromparticipation in the spice trade and the diversion ofMuslims from Melaka.• Around 1527 that a coalition of these ports, led byDemak, defeated Majapahit and established their ownindependence
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