To be liable for direct infringement, a defendant must have “engaged in some volitional conduct sufficient to show that [it] actively” violated one of the plaintiff’s exclusive rights. Arista Records LLC v. Usenet.com, Inc., In other words, “‘to establish direct liability under . . . the Act, something more must be shown than mere ownership of a machine used by others to make illegal copies. There must be actual infringing conduct with a nexus sufficiently close and causal to the illegal copying that one could conclude that the machine owner himself trespassed on the exclusive domain of the copyright owner.’” Cartoon Network, (quoting CoStar Group, Inc. v. LoopNet, Inc., (citing Religious Tech. Ctr. v. Netcom On-Line Commc’n Servs., Inc.,