Step three: A substitution drill is the usual follow up to this step. The teacher calls out the new elements or prompts them by means of visual aids. These might include pictures, flashcards,blackboard sketches or even easier read words on paper(wordcards). The students chant the resulting sentences, referring to the blackboard for support if necessary.
In too many classroom that is the end of the practice. Perhaps the students copy the structure or write a few sentences like those they have been chanting. But more could and should be done. If the practice stopped at the point the students have been cheated. The chief criticisms are that it was unrealistic and mechanical. It may even have been meaningless.