The purpose of this Position Stand is to provide an overview of issues
critical to understanding the importance of exercise and physical activity in
older adult populations. The Position Stand is divided into three sections:
Section 1 briefly reviews the structural and functional changes that characterize
normal human aging, Section 2 considers the extent to which exercise
and physical activity can influence the aging process, and Section 3
summarizes the benefits of both long-term exercise and physical activity
and shorter-duration exercise programs on health and functional capacity.
Although no amount of physical activity can stop the biological aging
process, there is evidence that regular exercise can minimize the
physiological effects of an otherwise sedentary lifestyle and increase active
life expectancy by limiting the development and progression of chronic
disease and disabling conditions. There is also emerging evidence for
significant psychological and cognitive benefits accruing from regular
exercise participation by older adults. Ideally, exercise prescription for
older adults should include aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening
exercises, and flexibility exercises. The evidence reviewed in this Position
Stand is generally consistent with prior American College of Sports
Medicine statements on the types and amounts of physical activity recommended
for older adults as well as the recently published 2008 Physical
Activity Guidelines for Americans. All older adults should engage in regular
physical activity and avoid an inactive lifestyle