For brittle resin systems, such as most polyesters, this point occurs a long way before laminate failure. Recent tests have shown that for a polyester/glass-woven roving laminate, micro-cracking typically occurs at about 0.2% strain. This equates to a usable strength of only 10% of the ultimate strength. In an environment such as water or moist air, the micro-cracked laminate will absorb considerably more water than an un-cracked laminate. This will then lead to an increase in weight, moisture attack on the resin and fiber-sizing agents, loss of stiffness and, with time, an eventual drop in ultimate properties. Increased resin/fiber adhesion is generally derived from both the resin’s chemistry and its compatibility with the chemical surface treatments applied to fibers. Here, the well-known adhesive properties of epoxy help laminates achieve higher micro-cracking strains.
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