how can your family earn money? That’s why we and our partners have involved so many community members in income-generating, sustainable.” The ‘income- generating, sustainable enterprises’ and the employment the project provided were short-lived. What remained, however, were restrictions on traditional communities’ use of their territories, including the forests they had protected for generations. Harassment of people entering the forests to gather food, wood, or vines became ever more frequent, and many families started to move away from the place that was their home. “directly or indirectly, it was through these conservation projects that the population came here and created a ring of poverty around our city causing a really big social problem here, ” the mayor of the nearby town Antonina explains in a film about the project. “it’s a game that only has economic aims. It favours big businesses and NGOs. They don’t care about the environment, they care about profit, the NGOs as the businesses; through carbon credits, they keep polluting, they keep earning more. And it’s the community that pays the price for all of this,” a resident descrides his experience with guaraquecaba forest project.