Based on type of vocabulary in general, there are four categories of
vocabulary learning: listening vocabulary, speaking vocabulary, reading vocabulary,
and writing vocabulary. Listening vocabulary refers to words learners use to
understand what they hear. Speaking vocabulary is known as words they use when
they speak. Reading vocabulary concerns words in prints that they recognise and use
to understand what they read, and writing vocabulary involves words they use in their
own writing. Pikulski and Templeton (2004, p. 2) have produced a diagram that may
make a better understanding of the relationship between vocabulary and the four
language skills: