In the constructivist learning environments, learners are encouraged to engage exploration, articulation and reflection; instructors are encouraged to provide instructional support in
• Modeling, which focuses on the expert's performance (how to do it): including modeling the performance and the thinking processes, i.e. behavioral and cognitive modeling
• Coaching, which focuses on the learner's performance (how am I doing): to motivational prompts, monitor and regulate the learner's performance, provoke reflection, and perturb learners' models
• Scaffolding, which is a systemic approach to supporting the learners in different aspects of the learning environment (the tasks, the teacher, the learner, the materials, the tools): based on learner's level of understanding and need, adjust task difficulty, restructure the task and provide alternative assessments