Testament to the city’s vulnerability, two catastrophic earthquakes impacted on Manila during the
17th century causing widespread destruction. The Marikina valley fault line traversing Manila adds liquefaction to
list of hazards the city faces. Throughout the Philippines, looking beyond its hazard prone geography and sizeable
population, the high proportion of youth, urban and informal residents depending on a cash economy warrants
consideration of prioritising action to reduce the high levels of human vulnerability.