The PFC3D (particle flow code) that models the movement and interaction of particles by the DEM techniques was employed to
simulate the particle movement and to calculate the velocity and energy distribution of collision in two types of impact crusher: the
Canica vertical shaft crusher and the BJD horizontal shaft swing hammer mill. The distribution of collision energies was then
converted into a product size distribution for a particular ore type using JKMRC impact breakage test data. Experimental data of
the Canica VSI crusher treating quarry and the BJD hammer mill treating coal were used to verify the DEM simulation results.
Upon the DEM procedures being validated, a detailed simulation study was conducted to investigate the effects of the machine
design and operational conditions on velocity and energy distributions of collision inside the milling chamber and on the particle
breakage behaviour.