the bamboo population should also be maintained at a level not detrimental to the establishment of other species.
As the success of secondary succession depends on the frequency and intensity of disturbance, protection of secondary forests from further disturbances is vital. To accelerate the rate of floristic and structural recovery to the level of the nearby natural forest fragment, the following silvicultural measures are recommended: enrichment planting in the form of direct seeding and/or planting of a mixture of long-lived, light-demanding species, enhancement of soil fertility of the swidden fallows (e.g. using rice husk and other manures) and weeding.