Both restrictions on 4WD access, and rehabilitation of damaged areas, require man agement resources which need funding. One option to raise such funds would be to impose a tax or levy on registered 4WD vehicles. This would be unpopular both with owners of 4WD vehicles who do not use them off-road, and with farmers and fishermen who use theirs for commercial activity. Such a levy might, how ever, raise awareness of impacts amongst 4WD owners. Awareness can also be raised through voluntary codes of ethics, such as those prom ulgated by the Australian National Four-Wheel Drive Council, Tread Lightly Australia and others (Buckley, 2001). Off-road clubs have provided volunteer assistance with coastal clean-up campaigns. However, progra that target existing clubs, associations and commercial tour operators may not reach indi vidual drivers who cause the highest impacts