Next, we assessed the influence of strategy on performance with regard to age and NHPA. The results (Fig. 5b1 and 2) showed that there was a significant NHPA effect on average direction error in YA who relied on implicit strategies, suggesting that YA with NHPA scores of 6 performed significantly better than YA with NHPA scores of 3 (MWU=1, Z=-2.02, p=.04); these differences were not significant in YA who relied more on explicit strategies for adapting to the visual distortion. The other pairwise comparisons showed no significant difference across NHPA levels (p’s>.05).