1. Introduction
In the recent trends, the wireless networks are gaining popularity over the communications specifically, multi hop
networks, such as opportunistic networks (mobile ad hoc networks)1–3. WSNs (wireless sensor networks) placed their
type of mark by introducing the cognitive radio networks4–6. The vehicular sensor networks and vehicular ad hoc
networks are proceeding in the research based on the internet of things. The wireless mesh networks received high
attention based on the reliability and the extensibility. The WMNs provide low cost, high data rate and reliability over
the communication in different type of applications7, 8. The WMNs are extensively used in military fields, disaster
relief and smart grid technologies.
The WMNs uses the IEEE802.11 standard for the connection establishment in wireless broadband services. Figure 1
shows the typical WMNs having the mesh gateways, mesh routers and mesh clients.
Mesh clients are very rich in mobility when compared to the mesh routers. Thus, the static network is composed of
mesh routers9, 10. In conventional mesh networks, the mesh clients itself act as mesh routers, bridges and gateways.
The architecture of conventional WMNs is almost similar to the wireless ad-hoc networks. The clients with in the mesh
network are in mobile nature which can send and receive the information from the mesh routers. The mesh routers