What has become a ‘classical’ example of this kind of ‘interpretive’ research in education is Keddie’s study of the ways in which ‘classroom knowledge’ is defined and organized in schools.4 The aim of Keddie’s research was to examine what teachers ‘know’ about their pupils and how this ‘knowledge’ is related to the organization of curriculum knowledge in the classroom. In effect, by regarding ‘knowledge’ and ‘ability’ as socially constructed organizing concepts, Keddie sought to show how they are employed both in the interpretation of pupils’ behaviour and in the organization of the knowledge made available to them.