Unit 14
TRANSFORMERS
OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the student will be able to
• state the purpose of a transformer.
• explain the principle of mutual induction.
· • determine the output voltage of a transformer if the input voltage and turns ratio are
known.
• determine the full-load current of a transformer given the kVA and voltages of the
primary and secondary windings.
• identify the common types of transformers from their schematic diagrams.
• read transformer winding diagrams and connect a transformer for the desired primary
and secondary voltage.
• choose the proper transformer taps to obtain the desired output voltage.
• connect buck and boost transformers to obtain desired voltage for a single-phase application.
• choose the correct transformer kVA for the application, given the voltage, current, and
phase requirement of a load.
• size overcurrent protection for dry-type transformers operating at 600 V or less.
• size the feeder conductor for the transformer and wires from the transformer to loads.
• properly ground a transformer, and the secondary electrical system produced by the
transformer.
The purpose of a transformer is to change electrical
voltage to a different value. For example, a farmer has a
large, 480-V, 3-phase motor powering a well. The motor
is in a building, and the farmer wants one 120-V circuit
for a few lights and a receptacle outlet. A transformer is
used to lower the voltage from 480 V to 120 V for the
lighting circuit, Figure 14-1. The controls for furnaces
and air-conditioning units are often operated at 24 V,