The architecture of Windows is a layered system of modules, as shown in Figure
19.1. The main layers are the HAL, the kernel, and the executive, all of which
run in kernel mode, and a collection of subsystems and services that run in user
mode. The user-mode subsystems fall into two categories: the environmental
subsystems, which emulate different operating systems, and the protection
subsystems, which provide security functions. One of the chief advantages of
this type of architecture is that interactions between modules are kept simple.
The remainder of this section describes these layers and subsystems.
The architecture of Windows is a layered system of modules, as shown in Figure19.1. The main layers are the HAL, the kernel, and the executive, all of whichrun in kernel mode, and a collection of subsystems and services that run in usermode. The user-mode subsystems fall into two categories: the environmentalsubsystems, which emulate different operating systems, and the protectionsubsystems, which provide security functions. One of the chief advantages ofthis type of architecture is that interactions between modules are kept simple.The remainder of this section describes these layers and subsystems.
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