Understanding the shape of the exposure–
response relationship and determining whether
there are safe thresholds are important for the
formulation of public health policies for pollution
control. Mortality studies suggest that the exposure–
response relationships for particulate-matter pollution
in the case of both short-term
15
and longterm
11
exposures are nearly linear, with no discernible
safe thresholds within relevant ranges of exposure.
Likewise, in the Children’s Health Study, the
exposure–response relationships appear to be nearly
linear, without discernible safe thresholds.
An issue with clinical implications concerns the
identification of groups that are most at risk or
that are most susceptible to the effects of pollution.
One evaluation of the literature
1
suggests that the
proportion of a given population that is at risk for
death, hospitalization, or life-threatening conditions
owing to short-term exposure to air pollution
is very small and limited to the elderly, infants,
and persons with chronic cardiopulmonary disease,
influenza, or asthma. There appears to be a much
broader susceptibility to small, transient changes
in lung function, low-grade pulmonary inflammation,
or other subclinical physiological changes in
response to short-term exposure.
Understanding the shape of the exposure–response relationship and determining whetherthere are safe thresholds are important for theformulation of public health policies for pollutioncontrol. Mortality studies suggest that the exposure–response relationships for particulate-matter pollutionin the case of both short-term15and longterm11exposures are nearly linear, with no discerniblesafe thresholds within relevant ranges of exposure.Likewise, in the Children’s Health Study, theexposure–response relationships appear to be nearlylinear, without discernible safe thresholds.An issue with clinical implications concerns theidentification of groups that are most at risk orthat are most susceptible to the effects of pollution.One evaluation of the literature1suggests that theproportion of a given population that is at risk fordeath, hospitalization, or life-threatening conditionsowing to short-term exposure to air pollutionis very small and limited to the elderly, infants,and persons with chronic cardiopulmonary disease,influenza, or asthma. There appears to be a muchbroader susceptibility to small, transient changesin lung function, low-grade pulmonary inflammation,or other subclinical physiological changes inresponse to short-term exposure.
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