modes of tourism, relatively unexplored to date according to Nash (1981). it is not claimed that all kinds have the quality of prototypical pilgrimages, but the possibility cannot be ruled out for any particular occasion or person. Turner and Turner in their recent detailed examination of the pilgrimage—phenomenon come to the same conclusion:
A tourist is half a pilgrim, if a pilgrim is half a tourist. Even when people bury themselves in anonymous crowds on beaches. they are seeking an almost sacred, often symbolic, mode of communitas, generally unavailable to them in the structured life of the office, the shop floor or the. mine. Even when intellectuals, Thoreau-like, seek the wilderness in personal solitude, they are seeking the material multiplicity of nature, a life source (1978:20).
Passariello, in this issue, echoes this same sentiment, and points out that the beach particularly may be an arena for antistructure and the more exposed atmosphere of communitas, as much for the modern Mexican middle classes as for the late Victorians and Edwardians of Europe and North America. The problem is even more complex, as Pfaffenburger (in this issue) has shown, when one moves away from the usual field of study of Western tourists to those whose pilgrimages' traditions are still a common part of life, and where Western style tourism is a more recent development. Ichaporta. also in this volume, shows how modern Indian tourists are ambivalent when confronted with traditional sacred pilgrimage centers such as Khajuraho, which have only lately become part of the tourist circuit and which are still encrusted with the explicit sexual images of traditional Hinduism. In this author's analysis of modern Japanese domestic tourism (Graburn 1983), the sphere of the pilgrimage and sightseeing merge in an even more problematic way, and Cohen's separation of tourism and pilgrimage, and of the "center outside" of the workaday social center have to be modified. It is hoped that this issue will stimulate further detailed examination of such non-Western tourist phenomena such as those of China (Mosher 1979; Schuchat 1979). East and Southeast Asia. and other Third World countries.
modes of tourism, relatively unexplored to date according to Nash (1981). it is not claimed that all kinds have the quality of prototypical pilgrimages, but the possibility cannot be ruled out for any particular occasion or person. Turner and Turner in their recent detailed examination of the pilgrimage—phenomenon come to the same conclusion:
A tourist is half a pilgrim, if a pilgrim is half a tourist. Even when people bury themselves in anonymous crowds on beaches. they are seeking an almost sacred, often symbolic, mode of communitas, generally unavailable to them in the structured life of the office, the shop floor or the. mine. Even when intellectuals, Thoreau-like, seek the wilderness in personal solitude, they are seeking the material multiplicity of nature, a life source (1978:20).
Passariello, in this issue, echoes this same sentiment, and points out that the beach particularly may be an arena for antistructure and the more exposed atmosphere of communitas, as much for the modern Mexican middle classes as for the late Victorians and Edwardians of Europe and North America. The problem is even more complex, as Pfaffenburger (in this issue) has shown, when one moves away from the usual field of study of Western tourists to those whose pilgrimages' traditions are still a common part of life, and where Western style tourism is a more recent development. Ichaporta. also in this volume, shows how modern Indian tourists are ambivalent when confronted with traditional sacred pilgrimage centers such as Khajuraho, which have only lately become part of the tourist circuit and which are still encrusted with the explicit sexual images of traditional Hinduism. In this author's analysis of modern Japanese domestic tourism (Graburn 1983), the sphere of the pilgrimage and sightseeing merge in an even more problematic way, and Cohen's separation of tourism and pilgrimage, and of the "center outside" of the workaday social center have to be modified. It is hoped that this issue will stimulate further detailed examination of such non-Western tourist phenomena such as those of China (Mosher 1979; Schuchat 1979). East and Southeast Asia. and other Third World countries.
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