As stated earlier, the definitions of uncertainty and risk have implications for how
these are perceived by planners and decisionmakers. APP considers uncertainties in
terms of developments that can form vulnerabilities and opportunities for a plan.
Thus it does not make distinction on the basis of nature of uncertainty and its location
in the system. It also takes into account different levels of uncertainty and proposes
strategies depending on its severity (most infrastructure projects have a long planning
horizon, and uncertainties they are confronted with are level 4 or deep uncertainties).