Fig. 1. Changes in physico-chemical properties of fermentation media from waste wheat-rye bread during direct starch conversion to ethanol with GSHE (a) reducing sugars,
(b) dissolved solids, (c) non-dissolved solids (I – unpretreated variant, II – enzymatic pretreatment, III – microwave pretreatment, IV – ultrasonic pretreatment, V – SHF
process). Results expressed as mean values ± standard deviation (n = 3).