By applying the NPV under the following assumptions:
• visitors incur this expenditure for the sole intention of enjoying the outdoor recreation provided by
the freshwaters (rather than primarily to visit friends or enjoy a good meal)
• actual and projected gross benefits for 50 years
The monetary asset value of recreational ecosystem services provided by UK freshwater
ecosystems in 2008 and 2012 is estimated to be £16.2 billion and £14.5 billion in 2012 prices,
respectively. These are shown in Table 9.