Use of ionizing radiation in the US is a well-regulated
activity. 26 The federal government establishes performance
standards for manufacture and installation of x-ray generating
equipment. States implement regulations that govern users;
these regulations pertain to facility design, shielding, and use
and maintenance of equipment. 21 Major biological risks from
radiation exposure are carcinogenesis, fetal effects, and mu-
tations. Health benefits will outweigh the risk from radiation
exposure from any radiographic examination if:
1. The examination is clinically indicated and justified.
2. Technique is optimized to ensure high quality diag-
nostic images.
3. Principles are followed to minimize exposure. 26