One of the largest early patient studies was conducted by Ricketts, 8-~ ~ who developed a cephalometric laminographic technique to evaluate the temporomandibular articulation. He evaluated the TMJ regions of more than 400 persons and used the range of variation found in 50 patients with "satisfactory occlusions" as a basis for comparison of individual pathologic conditions. Ricketts 5 also stressed the role of the musculature in the determination of condylar position relative to the glenoid fossa.