Finally, there is a question that needs to be answered in the future. It is important to evaluate the antecedents of goal orientations, which could provide explanations of why performance goals sometimes prove to be adaptive and sometimes not. Also based on the results, we recommend replicating the relations in other groups. In case the results of the replications are the same, the characteristics of the groups should be taken into account to figure out the root cause(s) so that we could change the education system for good, and on the other hand shift the focus away from grades and performance to mastery and skill development.