(i) It all starts with simple procurement law that mandates open tendering, competition and transparency, and does not allow for discretion and tied-procurement-like in case of Austria ,Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands.
(ii) applying intelligent electronic techonolgies strategically; for example, applying e-Auctions only for simple standard products, not for complex procurement (as in the case of the UK Procurement Service), e-bidding for construction, framework agreements for standard bulks goods, publication of reference prices;
(iii) complete transparency in the entire procurement process-including audits of terms of reference so not just fit one supplier.