Liquid-driven transducers conduct
liquid across a thin metal blade, causing it to vibrate at ultrasonic
frequencies. With this transducer, rapidly alternating pressure and
cavitation effects occur in the liquid, which generates a high degree
of mixing. This device is commonly used for the mixing and homogenization
process. Magnetostrictive transducers are electromechanical
devices that use magnetostriction, an effect derived
from some ferromagnetic materials, which modifies dimension in
response to the application of a magnetic field. The frequency range
is typically restricted to below 100 kHz, and 60% of the electrical
energy was found to be re-allocated to acoustic energy because of
the energy loss due to heat